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Heaven is high and the emperor is far away

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Heaven is high and the emperor is far away
Traditional Chinese天高皇帝遠
Simplified Chinese天高皇帝远
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTiān gāo, huángdì yuǎn
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationTīn gōu wòhng dai yúhn
JyutpingTin1 gou1 wong4 dai3 jyun5
Mountains are high and the emperor is far away
Traditional Chinese山高皇帝遠
Simplified Chinese山高皇帝远
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinShān gāo, huángdì yuǎn
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationSāan gōu wòhng dai yúhn
JyutpingSaan1 gou1 wong4 dai3 jyun5

Heaven is high and the emperor is far away is a Chinese proverb thought to have originated from Zhejiang during the Yuan dynasty.[1] Both historically and in contemporary China, the proverb has a variety of uses, for example: (1) in reference to local government autonomy, (2) in reference to corruption of local officials or lawlessness, or (3) in reference to minor offenses committed outside the oversight of authorities.

Usage

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Heaven is high and the emperor is far away is a Chinese proverb thought to have originated from Zhejiang during the Yuan dynasty.[1]

The saying has multiple meanings. In one traditional usage, it described unscrupulous or predatory behavior of local authorities, who being far away from the imperial court, were hard to control or who could evade being caught.[2]: 24 

The Chinese Central Government in Beijing exercised little direct oversight on the affairs of lower-level governments, allowing much regional autonomy in the country.[3][4][5][6][7] Contemporary usage could refer to something minor—such as walking on the grass when no one is watching, or a child ignoring a parent's command because the parent is not immediately supervising them—or something more major, such as poaching or illegal natural resource extraction. It can also still be used to describe a lawless place far from the authorities[8] and in reference to corruption.[1]

The original variation, "the mountains are high, and the emperor is far away", is also still heard (山高皇帝远).[9]

Russian similarity

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In Russian, there exists a directly similar proverb: до бога высоко, до царя далеко do boga vysoko, do czarya daleko, with a usually omitted rhyming continuation of а до меня близко - кланяйся мне низко a do menya blizko - klanyaysa mne nizko, which can be translated as "God is high, and the czar is far away (while I am near, so bow deeply to me)". In its short form, it is typically used to say there is no hope for external aid; while the full form describes lower echelons of bureaucracy abusing their immediate power while the authority meant to keep them in check is distant or otherwise unable to intervene.

Also, Бог высок и царь очень далёк (Bog vysok i tsar' dalyok, "God is on high and the tsar is very far away").

Another proverb with a similar meaning is жалует царь, да не жалует псарь zhaluyet czar da ne zhaluyet psar - "One has the czar's favor, but doesn't have the kennelmaster's favor" - likewise meaning that the distant higher echelons of power have less weight than the lower ones with whom the person in question has to deal personally.

See also

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Look up 天高皇帝遠 in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References

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  1. ^ a b c My China Connection" Heaven is high and the emperor is far away".
  2. ^ Lan, Xiaohuan (2024). How China Works: An Introduction to China's State-led Economic Development. Translated by Topp, Gary. Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 978-981-97-0079-0.
  3. ^ Samovar, Larry (2009). Communication Between Cultures. Cengage. p. 70. ISBN 978-0495567448.
  4. ^ Fairbrother, Gregory (2003). Toward critical patriotism: student resistance to political education in Hong Kong and China. Hong Kong University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9789622096233.
  5. ^ Ringmar, Erik (2005). The mechanics of modernity in Europe and East Asia: the institutional origins of social change and stagnation. Palgrave. p. 160. ISBN 9780203338582.
  6. ^ Zhao, Suisheng (2006). Debating political reform in China: rule of law vs. democratization. M.E. Sharpe. p. 24. ISBN 9780765641373.
  7. ^ Haft, Jeremy (2007). All the tea in China: how to buy, sell, and make money on the mainland. Penguin. p. 49. ISBN 9781591841593.
  8. ^ Kane, D. (2006). The Chinese Language: Its History and Current Usage. Tuttle Publishing. p. 175. ISBN 9780804838535. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
  9. ^ Dartmouth College. "Chinese Proverbs Archived 2017-05-07 at the Wayback Machine".
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